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Church History -- Reformation Movement Introduction:
The church established on the Day of Pentecost, 33 AD, at Time Periods Up to 500 AD -
Ancient History 500 to 1300’s
Mid-Evil Age, Dark Ages, Middle Ages 1400’s to present
– Modern History Church Time
Periods 33- 300 Primitive
Church 300- 1300’s –
Church in Apostasy 1400—Restoration I)
Reasons for Decline of Papal Influence A)
Changing trends in society 1.
Sense of individualism 2.
Rise of nationalism 3.
Secularization of society 4.
Printing Press B)
Popes declining power 1.
Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
a. Kings started taxing church property
b. Boniface issued Unam
Sanction 1302; Pope could judge kings but only God could judge the Pope.
c. Philip of
d.
e. 1377 Italians produced a court of Cardinal to elect a new Pope.
f. 1377 Pope Gregory XI returned from
g. Later they elected Clement VIII as Pope.
For a time there were three
“Popes” of the church. 2.
Renaissance – the re-birth; Individualism,
culture and learning, independent thought, emphasis on the secular, translations
of the Bible into the common language. 3.
1439 Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press. The first book printed was
the “Gutenberg Bible.”
a. Tyndale translated the Bible “Plow Boy Bible” so the average plow
boy could know more than the Pope.
b. For a time the Pope was trying to purchase all the Bibles. C)
Doctrinal issues 1.
Debate over “works of righteousness” and salvation by grace through faith.
Augustine vs. Pelagianism 2.
Priest were buying and selling church offices without restraint. 3.
Moral decay in the church. Court justice would be purchased for money. 4.
One could buy a divorce or be granted an illegal marriage. 5.
Priest having concubines. D)
Indulgencies 1.
Based upon salvation by works
and a person could purchase righteous works. 2.
A good person without enough works would go to purgatory until payment of
suffering was made. A person would
die with more than enough good works and the church could sell those remaining
good works to those that did not have enough. 3.
The Pope wanted to build and needed more money.
John Tetzel went throughout Indulgencies
are the most precious and noble of God’s gifts.
This cross has as much efficacy as the very cross of Jesus Christ. Come
and I will give you letters, all properly sealed, by which even the sins which
you intend to commit may be pardoned. I
would not change my privileges for those of Saint Peter in Heaven: for I
have saved more souls by my indulgencies than the apostle by his sermons.
There is no sin so great that an indulgence cannot remit; let him pay –
only let him pay well, and all will be forgiven him.
J.W. Shepard – The Church, Falling Away And Restoration II)
Reformers A)
Martin Luther born November 10, 1483. 1.
November 11 he was “baptized” which was 2.
He read after Augustine and decided he was lost. Almost starved himself to death
before someone told him to read the writings of Paul. 3.
He went to 4.
1517 John Tetzel came selling his indulgencies. 5.
October 31, 1517 Martin Luther nailed his “95 theses” to the church door. He
then proceeded to preach a lesson on the “95 theses”. 6.
In a debate, June 27, 1519 Luther rejected the authority of the General Council
when it conflicted with Scriptures. 7.
1520 Papal bull was issued to excommunicate Luther unless re recanted his
beliefs.
a. Priesthood of all believers
b. Every Christian had the right to
interpret every scripture
c. Duty of Christian princes to call a councill. 8.
In 1520 in his 2nd composition he stated there were only 2 sacraments
(Lord’s Supper, and Baptism). 9.
In 1520 in his 3rd composition he stated he would make peace with the
Pope if He (the Pope) would take over the reforming of the church. 10.
1521 the Pope issued a German Diet
(The Diet at Unless I am convinced by the testimony of the Scriptures or by clear reason
(for I do not trust either in the pope or in councils alone, since it is well
known that they have often erred and contradicted themselves), I am bound by the
Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I
cannot and will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go
against conscience. May God help me. Amen.[55] Over
the next five days, private conferences were held to determine Luther's fate.
The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict
of Worms on 25 May 1521, declaring Luther an outlaw,
banning his literature, and requiring his arrest: "We want him to be
apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic."[57]
It also made it a crime for anyone in Luther's
disappearance during his return trip was planned. Frederick
III, Elector of Saxony had him intercepted on his way home by masked
horsemen and escorted to the security of the Wartburg
Castle at 11.Eventually
Lutherans had to move to B)
Protestant 1.
In 1526 Lutheran nobles decreed that each German prince had the right decide
which religion would be supported in his principalities. 2.
In 1529 Charles V called a Diet in which the earlier decision was
reversed. 3.
The Lutheran princes immediately protested the reversal. Hence, the term
“Protestant” was used in reference to the reformers. The C)
Zwingli (1481-1531) 1.
1519 gave a series of lessons on the Books of the Bible. 2.
1522 gave his “65 theses) 3.
1523 had a debate in which the town council would decide who was right.
a. Justification by faith
b. Stop invoking the saints
c. Clergy ought to marry
d. Church services in the language of the people
e. Instrumental music should not be used
f. Lord’s Supper is a memorial D)
John Calvin (1509 – 1564) 1.
Credited with the TULP. 2.
In 1541 became the dictator of 3.
Presbyterian Church after its form of government, 1536 E)
Church of England, 1534 1.Henry
VII of 2.
He arranged a marriage between Arthur and the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella
of Spain.
a. Catherine was older than Arthur. She
came with a great sum of money and goods.
b. Arthur died before they had any children. 3.
Henry VII petition Pope Julius II to allow Henry VIII to marry Catherine on the
basis that the marriage was never consummated. In 1504 it was granted. 4.
After 18 years and no sons, Henry VIII appealed to Pope Clement VII for the
marriage to be set aside in 1527. This would require the Pope to acknowledge the
earlier Pope made a mistake. The petition was denied. 5.
Henry VIII wanted to marry Ann Boleyn. In 1534 He set up the Church of England,
he was the titular head and the Bishop at F)
1.
Anabaptist – means a second baptism.
They said infant baptism was not real baptism.
A person had to be a believer before they could be baptized. 2.
John Smyth is credited with being the founder of the “ G)
Methodist, 1739 1.
The Church of England became ritualistic and very formal, lacking emotion. 2.
John and Charles Wesley were at 3.
Eventually they came across the Moravians, an emotional group.
They spoke of having a “conversion experience.” 4.
The term Methodist came from their insistence upon a “method” of strict
observance to all that the prayer book demanded. Conclusion:
Why ruin the work of God by joining something the Bible does not speak of?
1 Cor. 1.12-13. Why not go past
the corruptions of men, past the denominations established by men, and go to the
church Jesus purchased with His blood (Acts
20.28)?
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